Police and SWAT Teams Free Essays

string(26) cops as well. Smack represents Special Weapons and Tactics, and is a critical part of Law Enforcement that is essentially intended for quelling vigorously outfitted lawbreakers and sparing the lives of many. Smack is even viewed as the most significant activity in the Law Enforcement branch, and for persuading reasons. Some have the conclusion that SWAT groups are threatening to people in general do to their military-styled strategies and operational techniques. We will compose a custom exposition test on Police and SWAT Teams or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Notwithstanding, it is these terrifying strategies that spare lives and dispense with genuine criminal dangers. Nowadays there are amazingly fierce lawbreakers, intensely equipped posses, huge medication cartels, and the open needs proficient units for security. It is SWAT’s occupation to come in when the circumstance is considered out of standard cop capacities. These circumstances incorporate prisoner salvage, high hazard court orders and hostile to fear mongering. Is SWAT extremely important? The appropriate response is an incredible YES, SWAT is a need! Couldn’t cops deal with the circumstances that we have SWAT for? The appropriate response is a staggering NO; the ordinary police power doesn't have the stuff to satisfy SWAT obligations. With the danger of fear based oppression on the ascent and the new innovation this century has realized, the job of SWAT groups has extended, and their significance has never been more noteworthy. Cops are insufficient when it comes down to the wellbeing of USA residents, and SWAT groups are expected to deal with the dangerous lawbreakers and resolve high hazard circumstances that today may introduce in the snappiest and best manner conceivable. Without SWAT, it would resemble August 1, 1966 once more, a shocking occurrence that demonstrated the requirement for an extraordinary group intended for high hazard circumstances. Smack is just a need to shield every American resident from being survivors of risky lawbreakers. Without SWAT, our resistance against wrongdoing would rely essentially upon the customary the police power, and as The Texas Clock Tower Shooting appeared, that isn't sufficient. On august 1, 1966, a man named Charles Joseph Whitman arbitrarily executed over twelve individuals and injured another at least 30 from the highest point of the University of Texas check tower in Austin in less than 90 min with his powerful rifle. The police power was so ungraceful for a circumstance like this, that despite the fact that they arrived in practically no time, they couldn't stop the frenzy of the â€Å"Texas Tower Sniper† for more than an hour and a half. It is even said that there was a lot of karma associated with halting him when they did. August 1 was the birth date of SWAT since it was on that day that Law Enforcement understood that they required uncommon designs for these kinds of circumstances. Despite the fact that the cops included were without a doubt performing as well as could be expected, they didn't have the sort of strategic preparing or exceptional weapons expected to rapidly smother this kind of rough wrongdoing. This staggering slaughter opened the eyes of America, and put a spot light on how genuinely defenseless the regular individual truly was. Nobody could have a sense of security if something didn’t change, for as Charles Whitman appeared, even a respect understudy could make such a terrible scene. It was then that Chiefs of police concluded that they expected to have groups of officials with hardware and preparing to do exceptional designs for these kinds of episodes. In this day, 2010, our nation would be crushed by dangerous wrongdoing binges without SWAT groups. In the event that one man could make such destruction in 1966 with a chasing rifle, envision what might occur nowadays with the new innovation and gatherings of sorted out wrongdoing, for example, psychological militants. Cops don't have the preparation to manage perilous prisoner circumstances. Nor do cops can kill fear based oppressor dangers, or curb intensely furnished lawbreakers. Specialized squads are a need for the insurance of guiltless American residents. One principle motivation behind why cops are inadequate for doing SWAT obligations is their preparation and capacities. Smack officials are prepared explicitly to fill in as a group, as a rule comprising of four officials, to complete their obligations in the quickest path conceivable, with irrefutably the most association in some random circumstance, and to do as such with the base number of setbacks feasible. Colleagues need to gel and work all together unit and this is cultivated via preparing, preparing, and more training†(http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Swat-Teamid=646368). Smack Training or Tests incorporate a composed test, wellness test, guns test, survey board, and mental assessment. The wellness test comprises of greatest seat press rep, greatest leg press rep, most pushups obtained inside one mome nt with flawless structure, greatest sit-ups came to inside a brief timespan, a coordinated 1. 5 mile run, 300 yard run, and 150 lb sham activities are the absolute minimum. A few groups have increasingly troublesome wellness preparing or tests that can even include swimming. The guns test comprises of target obtaining drills, fast discharge successions drills, shooting progressing drills, and mechanical information on weapon activity testing. Survey board is an activity or test to check whether the individual can â€Å"think on their feet and addition knowledge into their reasonableness for task. A lot of data might be picked up from an up-and-comer including character type, the measure of readiness they put into testing, their capacity to fill in as a major aspect of a group, and their degree of responsibility. A few meetings may likewise require the competitor make an introduction on a SWAT-related topic† (http://www. specialoperations. com/Domestic/SWAT/swattraining. html). Exceptional Weapons and Tactics groups are accessible as needs be each hour of consistently, in any event, when considered â€Å"off duty†. Smack obligations are all of high hazard, requiring SWAT officials to be an individual that isn't bothered effectively, and with an exceptionally elevated level of development. What’s incredible about SWAT officials is that they are frequently cops too. You read Police and SWAT Teams in classification Papers Police officials that fit the rules are prepared to be SWAT officials. At the point when a circumstance requiring the SWAT calling is introduced, at that point the officials of the Special Weapons and Tactics group are called upon. This implies in addition to the fact that you have a SWAT group, yet you get all around prepared officials working until their SWAT obligations call. Smack obligations incorporate, yet are not constrained to, â€Å"Sniper Situations, Barricaded Suspects, Hostage Situations, Dignitary Protection, Civil Disturbance, Search Arrest Warrants, Armed Suspect, Narcotics Raids, Anti Terrorism† (http://www. hollywoodpolice. organization/special_units/swatteam. tm). It is plain to see, that SWAT groups are not around for coordinating traffic or quieting local questions, yet just genuine and destructive conditions that include high pressure and should be killed as fast and securely as could be expected under the circumstances. Be that as it may, preparing to be a cop is entirely different than preparing to be a SWAT official, just like their obligations. Police officers aren’t tried almost as much for physical capacity, how well they can â€Å"think on their feet† or issue settle quick and effectively, or even how well they can shoot. Cops are prepared to perform or deal with circumstances that most probable incorporate, â€Å"conducting watch obligations by walking and via vehicle and bike, reacting to calls and demands from general society to help, local debates, flames and open issue, going to street related episodes including impact scenes, vehicle check focuses and traffic offenses, conveying passing and emergency clinic messages to families, directing introductory examinations, gathering proof, taking explanations, talking with suspects and casualties just as witnesses, looking through people or individual property like vehicles, and leading arrests† (http://www. rospects. air conditioning. uk/p/types_of_job/police_officer_job_description. jsp). If one somehow happened to look, one would find that cops are not equipped for even the fundamental SWAT circumstance. Police preparing just doesn’t get ready officials to do SWAT obligations capably, if even by any stretch of the imagination. Basically , cops are around to keep the harmony and keep difficult circumstances from breaking out. As a rule, police officers are here to, â€Å"protect and serve† (http://ezinearticles. com/? Obligations of-a-Police-Officerid=1835924). Imagine a scenario in which the harmony is as of now gone, and can never again be kept. What happens when ensuring and serving isn’t enough, for the individuals of America are as of now in harm’s way? That is the center explanation behind the presence of SWAT groups all around the United States. At the point when the significant circumstances discover ways around the resistance of the police power and present themselves, it is then that SWAT, Law Enforcement’s best barrier, is called upon by the individuals of America for insurance. Another motivation behind why SWAT groups are required, and cops alone are insufficient, is this day and age we live in. In 1966, only one man had the option to cause an uproar with only a munititions stockpile of, â€Å"three rifles, a sawed-off shotgun, two handguns, many rounds of ammo, a five gallon compartment of water, a few sandwiches, and a container of gasoline†(Captain Robert L. Day off. 1-7). The police power couldn't stop one man before he haphazardly killed over twelve blameless individuals passing by the University on a wonderful summer day, and twisted near forty casualties getting a charge out of the sun. There is no doubt as far as I can tell that on the off chance that cops were insufficient, at that point, they are insufficient at this point. It is particularly important that we don’t simply rely upon the police power now as we backed at that point do to the new innovation. On the off chance that the occasions of august first 1966 were to reoccur in the present with our new assets and improved

Between Constructivist Learning and Direct Instruction Essay

Between Constructivist Learning and Direct Instruction - Essay Example Direct guidance defenders question the most recent pattern in training methodologies which urges students to build their own learning through insignificant direction even without earlier information on hidden ideas, standards, and procedures (Baumann, 1982). They state that this technique conflicts with the human intellectual engineering, that is, students can just produce, by means of long haul memory, what was already inputted to them. Constructivist Learning Constructivist learning, in whatever structure it might be, is established from crafted by Piaget and Vygotsky (Gallagher and Reid, 2002; Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark, 2006; Hmelo-Silver, Duncan, and Chinn, 2007). Constructivists suggest that learning happens when information is developed by the student through close to home encounters, communication with the earth, and framework direction of a grown-up or increasingly experienced individual. In light of Kirschner et al’s (2006) position that negligibly guided guidance is less powerful that immediate guidance, Hmelo-Silver, et al (2007) called attention to that various constructivist techniques, explicitly issue based and request learning, use something other than insignificant direction during framework. They state that platform happens at a high rate in issue based and request learning, in this manner invalidating Kirschner, et al’s position. In addition, Hmelo-Silver (2007) created an extensive rundown of studies and explores which validated the viability of issue based and request learning. Another remarkable point that constructivists attempt to accentuate is that beneficial outcomes of utilizing constructivist approaches may not be promptly seen from government sanctioned tests (Hiebert, Stigler, and Jacobs, 2005; Hmelo-Silver, Duncan, and Chinn,... So much discussion has been proceeding to pinpoint precisely which method of guidance would create the best outcomes for a student. While it might be baffling to believe that nobody has discovered the mystery equation to adapting yet, the on-going discussion is an invite conflict of thoughts since it implies that instructors despite everything have not laid on the well established set up â€Å"facts† about learning are still particularly in the mission for the improvement of the simplicity and viability of the educating and learning process. Possibly nobody has discovered the mystery equation yet in light of the fact that there might be no mystery recipe by any means. Maybe the main dependable â€Å"fact† about learning is that every student is one of a kind; what may work for one may not work for another. As well as can be expected trust in is that by the day's end, instructors/teachers/facilitators have put forth a valiant effort in attempting to make a suitable and c ompelling learning condition for the kid.

What steps need to be taken in order to reduce crime Essay

What steps should be taken so as to lessen wrongdoing - Essay Example The kind of effective law authorization procedures depends on the type of crime (Bouza 1993). For example, savage guilty parties are not as learned as well as cognizant about the repercussions of their conduct subsequently law requirement is generally fruitful when it reacts to criminal conduct by looking for detainment for rehash hoodlums. Second, open help is significant in the exertion of the criminal equity framework to lessen wrongdoing. Open help for punishing wrongdoing decrease methodologies can be useful in the utilization of law implementation strategies. The overall population could likewise be a prompt or rich wellspring of recommendations on the best way to viably move toward wrongdoing control endeavors. Third, a few of the most potential answers for wrongdoing include open terrains, for example, open lodging and roads. The thought of the administration in this area can teach planners and animate individual security measures. Tort legal disputes, definitive goals, and wrongdoing sway reports can furthermore illuminate the overall population and modelers about applying design to diminish crime (Bouza 1993). Different procedures, acquired from the criminal equity framework and different contemplations, present additional instruments for the legislature to improve wrongdoing decrease arrangements. Lessening wrongdoing is the best test any criminal equity framework faces. Be that as it may, this test doesn't need to stay a test if legitimate research and execution are completed. Law requirement methodologies are the essential methods accessible to deflect or dispense with wrongdoing. Be that as it may, solid open help will guarantee the smooth and successful execution of these law implementation techniques. What's more, evidently, despite the fact that not generally considered, engineering assumes a pivotal job in the effective usage of wrongdoing control

Impact Of New Orleans On The Orleans - 1390 Words

Robert Mayhue Geography Mr. Sullivan October 5, 2014 Katrina New Orleans as time has progressed has become more susceptible than most cities when it comes to the detrimental power of hurricane force and storm surges. There are two reasons for this. The first is that New Orleans has a very low elevation relative to the surrounding sea level, the second is the lack of Louisiana’s natural defense against storm surges; that is the coastal wetlands and its barrier islands. The location of the city has always been very low in relation to the sea level, but the amount of human growth and expansion has caused the city to sink deeper into the landscape. When New Orleans was originally being laid out they were in short supply of good, usable†¦show more content†¦There were many storms that hit the gulf coast, but Katrina was a wakeup call. As Katrina grew stronger and stronger, the warnings were crystal clear. As said by National Hurricane Center Director Max Mayfield Aug. 28 as the storm approached; â€Å"All signs point to it becoming one of the strongest hurricanes ever to hit the United States.† One Weather Service meteorologist even voiced a very prophetic Katrina announcement, stating that: Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks. Even though the warnings were dire many people it believed as if very few in government had heard their calls for help. Below is a partial transcript of an interview with a resident of New Orleans after the flooding happened; I can t know I cant get out. How am I [sigh] expected to get out?. I m scared, I m so scared. I don t know what is going to happen, The main big failure was the levee system. Three hundred fifty miles of levees and floodwalls that were created to protect the city of New Orleans failed and the flooding allowed the entire Ninth Ward and much more to be swept away. A field reporter described it as this after a few days of the flooding; Over 80 percent of the area is under water, the residents are dealing with some of the worst of human conditions in the world, definitely in the United States. In the beginning, the Army Corps of Engineers insisted it was not at fault for the failure of the levees. As stated by Gen.

Queer Is Not A Queer - 1218 Words

I was walking to my house from the bus stop one day with my neighbor, Michael, and I was joking about how I have a girl crush on Selena Gomez. I asked Michael, Hey, what male celebrity do you have a man crush on? He responded ferociously with, None. I m not a freaking queer. This is the exact type of mindset that transforms innocent words into ones dripping with negativity and spite. Language is one of the most powerful tools a person could have, and the way they utilize it reveals their character. As time progresses, words and their meanings can change. For my great-aunt s generation, the word queer just simply meant weird or strange. However, as gay activism has become much more prominent in society, the word queer is now mainly used to describe someone s sexual orientation. Queer is not a derogatory term unless used as such, and it is instead a term of equality and acceptance that should reverberate positive feelings. Sadly, this is not the only way people translate it, inst ead morphing it into a shameful word and a cutting insult. Until recently, queer had been primarily used to describe something odd. There was nothing derogatory about the word, it was just a normal, everyday adjective. Queer originally originated in Germany in the sixteenth century, meaning perverse. From there its use broadened to the term, not straight. This did not mean sexual identity necessarily, but it did mean out of character or not totally normal. Since then it evolvedShow MoreRelatedThe Queer Of Queer Youth889 Words   |  4 PagesBackground As queer youth become more visible in schools, it becomes increasingly important for school libraries to provide resources that affirm students’ queer identities (Hughes-Hassell, Overberg, Harris, 2013; Pierce, 2015; Whelan, 2006). Schools’ adoption of queer-themed media has been uneven, often checking boxes without adequate understanding of or attention to queer students’ needs (Hughes-Hassell, Overberg, Harris; Pierce; Whelan). Several authors, including Hughes-Hassell, OverbergRead MoreQueer : The Queer Nation Manifesto1973 Words   |  8 Pages The Queer Nation Manifesto is a document that was passed out by ACT UP advocates marching in the New York Gay Pride Parade of 1990. It is a passionate article that reminds queer folk where they reside in society due to their own silence and invisibility, always second and less privileged in everything in comparison to straight people. It also encourages them to fight back against this oppressive and demeanin g behavior by being assertive and loud with their sexuality and going public withRead MoreQueer : An Archetype Of The Ideal Queer1883 Words   |  8 PagesThere seems to be a prevalent belief among queer theorists that there exists an archetype of the â€Å"ideal queer.† This person is subversive in everything that they do, and disrupts norms in all ways. Obviously, this ideal is different from dominant society’s view of the ideal queer - a person who keeps their identity to themself, is not â€Å"outwardly queer,† holds some type of stable corporate job, is â€Å"just like the rest of us† in all other aspects of being, and is decidedly non-radical. Of course, neitherRead MoreAnalysis Of Queer 1988 Words   |  8 PagesIn the past decades, the word â€Å"queer† traversed many definitions, from a pejorative for gay to a self-affirming umbrella term. While the word â€Å"queer† is primarily associated with â€Å"non-normative† tenden cies (Love 172), the word â€Å"uncanny†¦applies to everything that was intended to remain secret, hidden away, and has come into the open† (Freud 132). Upon closer inspection of the words, queer and uncanny, and Andrew Davenport’s popular children’s television show Teletubbies, we see that the TeletubbiesRead MoreQueer Theory : The Matrix2120 Words   |  9 Pages The Matrix Queer Theory Postcolonial Theory Kaupapa MÄ ori Mana Wahine Value Queer theory questions creations of normal and divergent, insider, and outsider.2 Queer theorists analyse a situation or a text to determine the relationship between sexuality, power and gender. Queer theory challenges basic tropes used to organize our society and our language: even words are gendered, and through that gendering an elliptical view of the hierarchy of society, and presumption of what is male and whatRead MoreWhat is Queer Theory?1029 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Queer theory does not provide a positivity, rather it is a way of producing reflection, a way of taking a stand vis à ¡ vis the authoritative standard†. This quote comes from Thomas Dowson who suggests that the queer remark makes room for reflection while it requires a reflection of ones own self as well as their own involvement. The term queer can be a quarrelsome phrase and one that is surrounded by disregard, triumph and rejection. It mainly concentrates on the imbalance between sex, gender andRead MoreQueer Theory Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesQueer theory derives from Womens Studies and Queer Studies during the early 1990s. Queer theory is said to be related to bisexual and lesbian roles. The main focus of queer theory is to reject the categories of gender and sexuality that we as a society have come to know as traditional. Queer theory is rapidly expanding through more and more findings and studies. What is interesting about queer theory is that it does not just challenge the traditional makeup of society., it challenges what is normalRead MoreEssay on The Queer Theory1875 Words   |  8 PagesQueer, a word first used by the Scottish in 1508 to mean strange, peculiar, or eccentric, has evolved into a critical theory signifying resistance to the traditional views on gender and sexuality since the early 1990s. An Italian author and professor, Teresa de Lauretis coined the term â€Å"Queer Theory† during a conference on conjecturing gay and lesbian sexualities held a t the University of California. Heavily influenced by deconstruction, post-structuralism, and feminism, queer theory challenges theRead MoreAnalysis Of Foucault And Queer Theory 1211 Words   |  5 PagesIn Foucault and Queer Theory Spargo defines queer theory as a nebulous group of cultural criticism and analysis of social power structures relating to sexuality . It is these power structures and aspects of culture that are responsible for the discourse that creates and informs ones understanding of gender, race, and sexuality. However these aspects of identity do not exist separately from one another, but are constructed in tandem throughout history. These layers of identity inform each otherRead MoreGender, Transgender, And Queer Essay1917 Words   |  8 PagesAs a nation, the United States often views itself as a champion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights. While we are far ahead of many countries, quite a few of which still criminalize same-s ex relationships, we aren’t the queer utopia we like to see ourselves as. Even today, there are many states within the US that do not have laws explicitly prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation in the workplace or during the hiring process. According to the Human Rights

Physical And Physical Activities Of Military Personnel

Introduction Modern military operations are physically demanding for both the soldiers and their commanders, despite the technological development. (Goran et al., 2012). Physical activity is important for soldiers to maintain physical fitness and endurance. Survivability of military personnel is the basis for future military career and the fulfillment of military duties, and daily activities of soldiers are associated with fitness abilities that require a high level of fitness education (Plavina, 2008). Military occupational tasks together with demanding working environments are often exposed to multi-stressors. During the sustained operation, especially, these stress factors are very challenging for the soldiers physical and mental performance due to caloric deficit, sleeping deprivation, continuous physical activity, and a different kind of disturbances in mood states (Nindl, et al., 2008). Military activities also consist of several tasks like carrying or lifting heavy loads and materials, dig ging foxholes, or demanding marches with extra loads of combat gear of 25-65kg (Santilla, 2009). Therefore, in the military operations or crisis management, high levels of both aerobic capacity and muscle strength performance are required for the soldiers. The specificity of adaptation to resistance training is well reported. Resistance training with high loads leads, especially during initial weeks, to neural adaptations and later on muscle hypertrophy. These adaptations areShow MoreRelatedThe Meaning Of The Word Profession874 Words   |  4 Pagestasks requiring physical strength and endurance. At first glance, the composition and mission of the military undermines the definition of a profession. Obviously, the military relies on a certain amount of physical labor to complete its mission. 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A mark of Excellent in Military Readiness states, â€Å"Contributed to and demonstrated commitment to a healthy workplace culture by promoting physical well-being. Actively assisted other with readiness standards.† The Coast Guard Academy

The Case Study of Sandra-Free-Samples for Students -Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Sandra. Answer: Key issues faced by client: The case study of Sandra, a 28 year old girl who was refereed to counseling by her GP had the following issues: Conflict with partner: Sandra has been living together with Steven, however they have not married yet. Both of them have been dating since high school. However, the current problem in their relationship is coming up because of the disagreement between the two regarding the right time for marriage. This difference in views have led to heated arguments among them and scarred their warm relationship. Lack of direction in life: Sandra is a solicitor and she recently got a new job in a large firm. Earlier she was working in a small law firm for five years. Despite this achievement, she is not content with her life. She lacks direction regarding her future goals in life and is unsure about her current job position. Increase in mood swings: Mood swings is a major issue for Sandra as she is overwhelmed by hopelessness at times. Sometimes she feels very good and happy about herself but the feeling does not last long. She often feels worthless and has been experienced this feeling since adolescence. This negative feeling has become more intense now as she believes that she has not achieved what she had desired in life. Issues in social interaction: Another challenge for Sandra is that she finds it difficult to interact with people. Often in social gathering, she has reported of being restless and irritated with people. This might hamper her relations in life. Although this has not affected her work life yet, however she feels this may affect her work in the future. Negative feeling towards family members: Apart from her own personal goals, Sandra shows negative towards her family members too. She feels that as she is the eldest of the three children, her father has high expectation from her. This has overburdened her. In addition, she also feels that her mother does not provide her emotional support when she needs it the most Identification of areas of client life needing more information: The analysis of Sandras issues shows that some information is still missing and knowing about that may help during the therapy session. The areas of life needing more information are: Sandras goal in life: The case study mentions that Sandra is not good enough and not worthy. This is because she did not turned out to be a person she wanted to in life. However, there is no clarity regarding what was her aim in life. If the therapist can get the information regarding her past goals in life, it would help to identify the exact reason for Sandras disappointment. This would also help to interpret why Sandra has no directions in her life and is not sure about future aspirations. Sandras behavior in social situation: The case analysis of Sandra shows she feels restless and irritable with people. However, the exact scenario or situation under which she has this feeling is missing. It might be possible that she prefers living alone or she gets irritated when someone bothers her unnecessarily. This information would help to interpret the factors that lead to feelings of irritation in Sandra. Sandras father expectation towards her: Sandra reports that her father had higher expectations towards her than other siblings as she was the eldest. However, no detail is given regarding the exact expectation.. This information might help to determine the wish of her father that Sandra could not fulfill. This might also be the reason for Sandras feeling of worthlessness. This would help in addressing Sandras concern during counseling. Previous counseling: It is not known whether Sandra has taken counseling before or not. This information might help to determine the reason for her visit and what was not addressed that she came for counseling again. Two chosen therapeutic approaches: While working with Sandra, I would use the approach to cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for counseling her. The use of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is appropriate for Sandra as it utilizes short term and goal oriented approach to problem solving. Cognitive behavior therapy is mostly given to individuals with range of issues such as relationship problems, anxiety, depression, drug abuse, and other issues in life. The goal of the therapy is to change pattern of thinking in affected person (Demner, 2016). The technique is based on the assumption that a persons mood is directly affected by their thought patterns. Therefore, it assist a person in recognizing their negative thought pattern, validate them and replace them with positive way of thinking. It assist client in understanding their problems and adapt new strategies to deal with issues. The combination of psychotherapy and behavioral therapy in CBT helps to modify thinking pattern and promote beh avior activation in people to overcome obstacles that prevent them from living happily (Farmer Chapman, 2016). Hence, I aim to use this technique to address negative feelings and disappointment in Sandra and change her thinking and behavior pattern. Another advantage of utilizing this technique in therapy session is that it takes very short time about one session per week lasting for 50 minutes. Another approach that I aim to utilize during therapy session for Sandra is Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). This kind of therapy is provided to individuals with emotional and behavioral challenges in life. It is a strategy that teaches mindfulness skills to client by means of commitment and behavior changes strategies. This approach enhances psychological flexibility in an individual so that they respond to situations based on what a particular situation demand and persist in new behavior and values as taught during therapy sessions (Hayes et al., 2013). ACT is based on the relational frame theory that serves to identify the war of clients with their own inner lives. A therapist then uses metaphor and experiential exercise to teach clients how to make health contact with their feelings, recontextualize event and commit to new and healthy behavioral changes in life (De Houwer, 2013). I aim to use the ACT strategy for Sandra because her thoughts patterns and attitudes is also a result of a war with her inner self and she needs to learn new ways to respond to life situations in a positive way. Hence, with this therapy, Sandra can learn ways to suppress and manage her negative emotions and introduce value based actions in her life. Rational for prioritizing client issue: Prioritizing client issue for CBT As Sandra is suffering because of her negative and irrational thought patterns, I aim to use CBT approach to explore cognitive processes of Sandra and change her attitude and behavior towards life. The main issue that needs to be prioritized by this therapy is mood swings and feelings of disappointment in Sandra. This is important because it is affecting both her personal and social life. During the therapy session, the focus will be on thoughts, images , belief and attitude of client. This would help to establish link between cognitive process of Sandra and how she behaves in life. This would help to identify the reasons for her being tearful and upset most of the time (Beck, Freeman, Davis, 2015). I would also include her parents in some of the sessions to assess how she reacts in normal life events and gain more insight about her mood swings and upset feelings. Another key issue faced by Sandra is that her feeling of worthlessness. CBT session aims to address this attitude of Sandra by asking her about the reasons for her dissatisfaction with current job. In addition, inquiring about her current goals and aspirations in life might also help to establish the link between her current achievements in life and her current feelings (Greenberg, 2017). Hence, the condition of hopelessness and restlessness can be addressed by this technique. Prioritizing client issues of ACT Through the use of ACT strategy, the client issue of mood swings and no directions in life will be addressed. As ACT approach establishes connection with the observing self, I will help Sandra to detach from negative thoughts and reduce worthless feelings in life. After the reduction of negative feelings, the client can eventually accept new behavioral change. Sandra will be asked to avoid exacerbating her feelings of worthlessness in life and instead strive for actions that enhance her confidence both in personal and professional life (Niles et al., 2014). Therefore, by means of ACT, I will promote psychological flexibility in Sandra. Another issue that will be prioritized according to the ACT strategy is that of her attitude of self-doubt and pointless feelings in life. During the therapy session, I aim to engage in value clarification so to help define what values and aspirations care important in Sandras life. This would guide her to action based on her values. People who have painful emotions and negative feelings in life fail to choose value based action and the technique of mind liberation in ACT therapy helps people to act congruently with their feelings (Craske et al., 2014). Hence, with this approach it is expected that Sandra can lead a fulfilling life post therapy. Discussion on technique for each chosen approach and evaluation of effectiveness on client: Cognitive behavioral therapy Technique used: CBT is based on psychodynamic theory, which explains that unconscious forces drive behavior of individual and technique of free association and transference helps to redirect feeling of clients and modify their thought pattern (Colarusso Nemiroff, 2013). With this assumption, the first step that I would use during therapy session would be to openly interact with Sandra and let her express her feelings and thoughts in life. I will ask her what makes her upset. This will help to analyze any underachievement or personal issues in life that might be leading to sad feelings in her. I would also inquire about any past event or past relationship that has made her the person she is today. This is important to establish link between her feelings and behavior. In the next step, I would employ the technique of Socratic questioning to challenge maladaptive thoughts of Sandra. For example I may ask her Due to think it is right to be dissatisfied even when you have got a lucrative job opportunity which many people yearn for and still cannot get?. This technique would make the client question herself and apply logic to finally realize that the thought or feeling that she was having was not actually right (Kazantzis et al., 2014). This would help to Sandra to arrive at adaptive and realistic beliefs. Finally, after the validation of her irrational thought and feeling, I would help teach her practical ways to change her state of mind on a daily basis. Evaluation: The CBT approach to counseling will work for client because it focuses on current problems in client instead of focusing on past events. The solution-based approach to modify cognitive process in an individual enables them to cope better with issues in life. Research also gives strong evidence regarding the effectiveness of CBT in addressing anxiety disorders, general stress, depression and anger problems in people (Hofmann et al. 2012). As Sandra is also suffering from stress due to mood swings and disappointment, this would help her too. Acceptance and commitment therapy Technique used: While providing counseling to Sandra by the ACT technique, her past issues will be explored to see how she is not able to bring positive vibes in her life despite many positive occurrence. This would make the client accept the deficit within her in a positive way. I would help her in accepting her experience by compassionately stating that I understand you are having difficulty in letting go off the feeling of worthlessness, however we can work together to address this. This action will motivate Sandra to commit to new action and establish new relationship with her life experience. I would guide her to choose values based action by inquiring what is more important for her at this point of life. This would help her to identify value-based action and make commitment change behavior and attitude to achieve those things which she values most in life (Niles et al., 2014). Evaluation: ACT is distinct from other therapies as makes people accept unhealthy feelings and personal values within them and encourage them to learn healthier ways of living by committing to new behavior. Unlike cognitive therapy, it does not directly stop unwanted feelings in client, instead it encourages them to develop new and positive relationship with life experience (st, 2014).. Hence, this is going to be more effective for Sandra so that she learn new ways to make her life more fulfilling and adapt positive values to overcome feelings of worthlessness in life. Reference Beck, A. T., Freeman, A., Davis, D. D. (Eds.). (2015).Cognitive therapy of personality disorders. Guilford Publications. 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